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Intel Corp., the world’s largest computer-chip maker, is shaking up its workforce inside. In January, Intel INTC, +0.81% surprised Silicon Valley when Chief Executive Brian Krzanich announced at the Consumer Electronics Show a big effort — backed by plans to spend $300 million — to diversify its workforce. The company’s goal is that by 2020, its workforce will be less white and male-dominated and more reflective of the broader U.S. working population.

When people talk about the need for diversity in tech, they aren't usually talking about Asian Americans. Though they make up less than 6 percent of the overall workforce, Asians account for a whopping 17 percent of all tech-sector workers and a far higher percentage of engineers. (At Twitter, for instance, people of Asian descent hold 34 percent of the technical positions.) By focusing exclusively on the obvious need for more blacks, Latinos, and women in Silicon Valley, however, diversity advocates have missed a key point: Asian workers are far less likely than whites to end up in the leadership ranks.

One of the most famous perks at Google is 20% time — the free time the company's brightest and most determined employees are granted to tinker with promising side projects. That's how Google came up with some of its most popular products, including Gmail and Google News. Even the idea for Google shuttle buses that ferry employees to and from work was born from this off-the-official-clock ingenuity. Now Google has created a new version of 20% time to innovate in an area of growing importance for the Internet giant: Increasing the diversity of its workforce.

Laura Mather knows what hiring bias looks like. She’s a woman who has spent her career in technology, after all. Nearly a decade ago, she applied to work for Google’s risk management division. “I had the perfect experience for risk management,” she said, given that she had worked in that very department for eBay. But that didn’t necessarily cut it. “When the recruiter called to offer me the job, she said, ‘Hey, we’re offering you the job, but you need to know that [CEO] Larry Page…almost vetoed you because you didn’t go to an Ivy League school,” she recounted. “Yet I had graduated 12 years before.”